Charnwood Foraging

Recognise Plants and Fungi Growing Wild

Hazel (Corylus avellana)

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Latin Name: Corylus avellana

Other Names: Common Hazel, Cobnut Tree, Filbert

Habitat

Hazel trees are native to Europe and western Asia, thriving in hedgerows, woodlands, and scrublands. They prefer moist, well-drained soils and are often found in sunny or partially shaded areas. Hazel is a key species in coppiced woodlands, valued for its flexibility and rapid growth.

Not sure about trees identification? Join us for the next foraging event in Charnwood, Leicestershire.

Appearance

Leaf Description

Hazel leaves are round to oval-shaped, with a pointed tip and serrated edges. They are soft to the touch and have a slightly hairy texture. Leaves are bright green in spring and summer, turning yellow in autumn.

Flower Description

Hazel trees produce two types of flowers:

  • Male flowers: Yellow catkins, often called “lambs’ tails,” appear in late winter to early spring. They dangle from the branches and release pollen.
  • Female flowers: Tiny, bud-like structures with bright red stigmas, which catch pollen and develop into nuts.

Stem/Trunk Description

Hazel trees have smooth, gray-brown bark that often peels in strips. The stems are flexible and straight, making them ideal for coppicing. Mature trees are multi-stemmed and form a bushy appearance.

Fruit/Seed Description

Hazel nuts are small, round, and encased in a woody shell covered by a leafy husk. They ripen in late summer to early autumn, turning from green to brown when ready to harvest.

Edibility

Hazel nuts are highly nutritious and versatile. They can be eaten raw, roasted, or ground into flour. Hazel nuts are a popular ingredient in baking, confectionery, and plant-based milk. The young leaves and catkins are also edible, though less commonly used.

Recipes

Roasted Hazel Nuts

  1. Ingredients:
    • Fresh hazel nuts (shelled)
    • Pinch of salt (optional)
  2. Instructions:
    • Preheat the oven to 180°C (350°F).
    • Spread the hazel nuts on a baking tray in a single layer.
    • Roast for 10–15 minutes, shaking the tray occasionally.
    • Let cool, then rub the skins off with a clean towel if desired.

Hazel Nut Butter

  1. Ingredients:
    • 2 cups roasted hazel nuts
    • 1–2 tbsp neutral oil (optional)
    • Pinch of salt
  2. Instructions:
    • Blend the roasted nuts in a food processor until smooth.
    • Add oil if the butter is too thick.
    • Store in a jar and use as a spread or baking ingredient.

Vitamins Content/Health Benefits

Hazel nuts are rich in healthy fats, protein, and dietary fiber. They are an excellent source of vitamin E, B vitamins, magnesium, and antioxidants, which support heart health, brain function, and skin health.

The nuts are also high in energy, making them a great snack for outdoor activities and long hikes.

Foraging Season

The best time to forage for hazel nuts is in late summer to early autumn. Harvest when the nuts are ripe and easy to remove from the husks. Be sure to leave some for wildlife, as hazel nuts are a valuable food source for squirrels, dormice, and birds.

Folklore/Interesting Info

The Hazel tree has long been associated with wisdom and protection in Celtic mythology. It was considered a sacred tree, and its nuts were believed to grant knowledge and inspiration. Hazel rods have been traditionally used for dowsing and as magical wands in folklore.

Health Warning

Hazel nuts may cause allergic reactions in individuals sensitive to tree nuts. Always introduce them cautiously if trying for the first time.